Which plant did Gregor Mendel famously use for his genetic experiments?

Gregor Mendel famously used the pea plant for his genetic experiments primarily due to several advantageous characteristics. Pea plants, specifically the species Pisum sativum, possess distinct traits that can be easily observed and measured, such as flower color, seed shape, and pod color. Their ability to undergo self-fertilization and cross-fertilization allowed Mendel to conduct controlled breeding experiments to analyze inheritance patterns.

By selecting specific traits and observing their inheritance over generations, Mendel was able to formulate foundational principles of heredity, including the concepts of dominant and recessive traits, as well as the laws of segregation and independent assortment. The simplicity of working with pea plants, combined with their clear trait variations, made them an ideal model organism for Mendel's groundbreaking studies in genetics. This choice laid the groundwork for modern genetics, emphasizing the importance of experimental design and quantitative analysis in biological research.