What type of animal does the term "sow" refer to?

The term "sow" specifically refers to a mature female swine, which is a key concept in animal husbandry and agricultural practices. Understanding this terminology is important for anyone involved in the care and management of livestock. Swine, commonly known as pigs, have distinct classifications based on their age and sex, and "sow" differentiates mature females from other terms such as "gilt," which describes younger females. This distinction is crucial in breeding programs, health management, and production systems within the swine industry.

In contrast, the other options refer to different types of animals entirely: a mature female cow is called a "heifer" until she has given birth, while a mature female goat is termed a "nanny" or "doe," and a mature female sheep is known as a "ewe." Each of these terms is specific to the respective type of livestock, which highlights the importance of accurate terminology in agriculture.