What sequence of processes converts light energy into sugar in plants?

The correct response, which is photosynthesis, is the fundamental process through which plants convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in the form of sugar. During photosynthesis, plants utilize chlorophyll in their leaves to capture sunlight. This light energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil into glucose and oxygen. The overall equation for photosynthesis can be summarized as:

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

This process not only provides the energy that plants need for growth and development but also produces oxygen, which is essential for the survival of many other organisms.

In contrast, transpiration primarily refers to the movement of water within plants and the evaporation of water from aerial parts, like leaves. It does not directly relate to the conversion of light energy into sugars. Respiration, on the other hand, is the process in which plants and other organisms convert glucose and oxygen back into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. While respiration is vital for energy release, it operates in the opposite direction of photosynthesis. Finally, fermentation is an anaerobic process used by some organisms to convert sugars into energy in the absence of oxygen, but it