What is the process by which seeds sprout and begin to grow called?

The process by which seeds sprout and begin to grow is known as germination. This is a critical phase in the life cycle of a plant where the seed absorbs water, swells, and breaks through the seed coat, allowing for the initial development of the seedling. Germination is influenced by several factors, including moisture, temperature, and the presence of oxygen.

Photosynthesis, on the other hand, is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water. It occurs after germination, when the plant has developed leaves and can utilize sunlight.

Pollination refers to the transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower to the female part, which is necessary for fertilization to occur, but it precedes germination and is not involved in the actual sprouting of seeds.

Fertilization is the union of male and female gametes, leading to the formation of seeds, but it occurs before germination and does not directly describe the sprouting process. Thus, germination describes the specific action of a seed transitioning into a growing plant.